Coal chars recovered from fly ash as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

The endless and dramatic increase of global energy demand makes it imperative to develop sustainable, affordable, and efficient materials to act as electrocatalysts in the clean energy technologies. Electrocatalysts based on coal chars are promising materials as they can be considered as value-added by-products from coal combustion contributing to industrial ecology and circular economy. Therefore, herein we report the application of three sets of coal char (char concentrates before and after carbonization and demineralized and graphitized char concentrates) obtained from four different countries (Portugal, Romania, Poland, and South Africa) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. All electrocatalysts presented moderate ORR activity with some showing selectivity for the indirect two-electron process while others for a mixed regime between the two- and four-electron process. Still, the positive results obtained are better or in some cases comparable to commercial graphene. Moreover, all electrocatalysts presented good tolerance to methanol poisoning. More importantly, the results of this study demonstrate that pristine coal chars are promising materials to prepare efficient ORR electrocatalysts which will be of great importance in the near future.     

Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.     

高铝粉煤灰烧结反应产物硅铝分离的研究

高铝粉煤灰与Na2CO3的烧结反应产物霞石,与HCl反应进行硅铝分离与提纯。通过对影响因素pH值与酸浓度讨论,得出随着pH值的不同,Si以H2SiO42-、H3SiO4-、H4SiO4等形式存在,Al以Al3 、Al(OH)2 、Al(OH)2 和Al(OH)3等形式存在;酸化后的体系pH值在1附近,铝硅酸溶胶体系的胶粒结构被破坏,Si-O-Al键断裂,Al3 溶出,减少了溶胶胶粒的粒径,使溶胶的稳定性降低,Al3 在溶胶中起絮凝剂的作用,使得溶胶胶粒可以沉聚或是絮凝。     

钢渣碎石复合路面基层材料路用性能研究

目前我国钢渣排放量大，利用率低，利用钢渣做路面基层材料可大量减少天然土石料的开采，具有显著的经济、社会效益。将级配差的钢渣与碎石按一定比例掺配组成复合集料，不仅优化了钢渣的级配，还能减少钢渣的水化膨胀对集料体级配积稳定性能的不利影响。利用不同结合料稳定复合集料，以无侧限抗压强度为指标对其配比进行了优化，研究了用粉煤灰直接稳定时和用水泥粉煤灰稳定时的最佳配比。     

粉煤灰制备4A分子筛预处理过程的优化研究

在分析粉煤灰的矿物组成和化学成分的基础上,设计了粉煤灰制备4A分子筛预处理过程的工艺流程,并根据流程重点介绍了粉煤灰的粉末细度、焙烧、酸溶活化和除杂等方面的参数选择情况,制备出符合要求的预处理样品,为进一步合成4A分子筛创造了条件。     

超细Nb_20_5粉末的研制

对采用均匀沉淀法制备陶瓷电容器级(平均粒径为0.1-0.2μm的超细粉末)Nb2O5粉末的最佳工艺条件进行了探讨,研究了均匀沉淀过程中,反应温度、沉淀终点pH值、反应物浓度、脱水剂和添加剂以及焙烧温度对Nb(OH)5粉体粒度分布及粒径的影响。利用TG-DTA、SEM、XRD、比表面积测试仪(BET)和CILAS粒度测试仪进行了测定,结果表明:当H2NbOF5浓度在0.2~0.4M时,以NH3·H2O作沉淀剂,用乙醇、丙酮等作脱水剂,所获沉淀在80~100℃干燥后,制备的Nb(OH)5粉体粒度均匀且分布窄,其平均粒径为0.07 μm,经700℃焙烧后,可制得粒度分布窄、团聚少、比表面积为14.44 m2/g、平均粒径为0.1 μm,且纯度>99.95%的陶瓷电容器级Nb2O5微粉体。该方法具有设备简单、工艺流程短、污染小,产品纯度高等特点。     

大掺量引气剂混凝土在高寒干燥地区的抗冻性研究

为了研究大掺量引气剂对碾压混凝土抗冻性的影响,本文通过对混凝土的抗冻、抗渗和力学等性能的研究试验,分别研究了引气剂掺量、粉煤灰掺量和水胶比的变化对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,并在上述条件下研究了其对强度和抗渗等性能的影响。结果证明,在不降低混凝土强度和抗渗要求的情况下,大掺量引气剂和降低水胶比能显著提高碾压混凝土在高寒干燥地区的抗冻耐久性。     

数理统计在选煤质量管理中的应用

通过运用数理统计在选煤生产中应用的实例,介绍了对产品质量日常数据进行统计分析的方法,可作为有效的生产检验辅助工具.     

粉煤灰掺量对高性能混凝土强度、碱度及抗碳化性能的影响研究

粉煤灰是高性能混凝土的主要掺合料之一，其掺量直接影响到高性能混凝土的强度、碱度和抗碳化性能。在此方面目前研究较少。文章仅就大掺量粉煤灰与高性能混凝土强度、碱度、碳化的关系进行了研究。试验结果表明，随粉煤灰的掺量的增大，混凝土的强度降低、碱度降低，但在50％掺量时混凝土碱度依然为12．32，50％掺量时混凝土碳化深度为0。     

气相纳米SiO2·nH2O粒径控制与形貌研究

研究了利用粉煤灰与氟化钙等以气相法直接制备纳米级SiO2·nH2O的工艺。通过有效控制酸解和水解的速度,研究了在水解过程中加入乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、柠檬酸作为水解添加剂和分散剂时,对颗粒粒径的良好控制作用,并制备出不同粒径的纳米SiO2·nH2O。研究还发现,以柠檬酸作为分散剂时,粒子表面出现多孔结构。